driver:高考英語閱讀理解試題經典及解析答案_atc

1．閱讀理解

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."Iusedtoworkinschoolcateringandsawalotofmoneybeingthrownaway.Ithoughtthatwascriminal,soIdecidedtodosomethingaboutit,"saidItalianschoolchefTizianoVicentini.

Now,Vicentinihasanamazingrangeofedibleplatesforschools.Theplatesaremadeoutofbreaddough,soyoucaneatthemafterwards."Thesedishescostafewpennieseachandareeithereatenbythekids,orgointorecyclingbinsforanimalfood,"explainedVicentini,50,ofMilan.Butnowothercompaniesaredevelopingedibleplates,too.TheEdible-PlateCompanyoffersedibleplates,bowls,traysandcups.Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.

Theyalsohavearangeofcutlerymadefromcornandpotatostarch.Theseplateswillalsohelpreducetheamountofplastic;wecreate.Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.Andmanyshopsareofferingbiodegradableplasticbagsandeco-safepackagingontheirproducts.Tohelpmatters,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(theISO)hasalsodevelopedasystemtoevaluatethebiodegradabilityofproducts,withacertificationandlogoscheme,Meanwhile,howaboutaniceplateforlunch?

Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofedibleplates?

A.Theyareexpensive.

B.Theycandegradenaturally.

C.Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.

D.Theyaremadefromnaturalplant.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.TizianoisfromGermany.

B.Edibleplatesareonlyusedforschoolcatering.

C.Cornandpotatostarchcanbeusedtomakecutlery.

D.TheEdiblePlateCompanydoesn'tproduceediblebowls.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?

A.Theairpollution.

B.Theediblecutlery.

C.Thetoxicgasescausedbytheburningofplastic.

D.Thedamagetotheenvironmentcausedbyplasticwaste.

Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Themeasurestostopthepollution.

B.Thewaystoreducetheplasticwaste.

C.Howtomakeedibleplatesfromnaturalplants..

D.Theplatesolutiontoeatingandenvironmentalproblem.

2．閱讀理解

DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.AngelaPerriofDurhamUniversity,UK,andhercolleagueshavecarriedoutfreshradiocarbondatingonthetwodogskeletonsthatgavethisdate,discoveredintheprehistoricKostersiteinIllinois,andfoundtheywereevenolder:around10,100yearsold.

AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.TheStilwellIIdog,whichprobablyresembledasmallEnglishsettler,wasunderwhatseemedtobethefloorofalivingarea.ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.Bythistime,peoplewerealreadymovingintoNorthAmericafromSiberia;thereisevidencesomereachedChile18,500yearsago.Geneticistshavefoundsignsofatleastthreewavesofmigrationoverthefollowingmillennia.Thereisnoevidencethatdomesticdogsaccompaniedthem.“Wedon'tknowifdogswerepartofthefirstwavesofimmigrationtotheAmericas"saysLucJanssensofGhentUniversityinBelgium."Itcouldbeso,butnoarchaeologicalboneshaveyetbeenfound."Itis"overwhelminglyprobable"thatsomeoftheearlysettlersdidbringdogstotheAmericas,buttheymaynothavehad"thetimeorthespiritualcompulsiontoburythem",saysPatShipmanofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.

HowoldistheoldestknowndomesticdogintheAmericas7

A.About9500years.

B.About10,100years.

C.10,190years.

D.18,500years.

Theunderlinedword"butchered"inthefourthparagraphcouldbereplacedby.

A.killed

B.bought

C.trained

D.raised

WhatistheattitudetowardswhentamedogsarrivedintheAmericasinthelastthreeparagraphs?

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A.Undoubted.

B.Unsure.

C.Indifferent.

D.Unconfident.

Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

A.TheearliestdomesticdogintheAmericas.

B.ThefirstdogarrivingintheAmericas.

C.HowdogsweredomesticatedintheAmericas.

D.WhentheoldestdogwasfoundintheAmericas.

3．閱讀理解

NewSouthWales,Australia,issettingupcamerasaspartofanefforttoreducethenumberofpeoplepreoccupiedwithwirelessdeviceswhiletheydrive.Itwillbethefirstareaintheworldtousethetechnologytopunishdriversdistracted(分心)withtelephonecalls,socialmediaortextmessages.

RoadSafetyexpertsareconcernedaboutthegrowingnumberofaccidentsinvolvingdriversusingsmartphonesonthestate'sroads.Theysaydriverswhousephoneswhiledrivinggreatlyincreasetheirchancesofbeinginvolvedinanaccident.

TheNewSouthWalesgovernmentplanstoplace45MobilePhoneDetectionCamerasacrossthestatebyDecember.Eachphonedetectionunitcontainstwocameras.Onecameratakespicturesofavehicle'sregistrationplate(牌照).Asecondcameralooksthroughthefrontwindowofacarortrucktoseewhatdriversaredoingwiththeirhands.

Theunitsuseartificialintelligencetosetasidedriverswhoarenottouchingtheirphones.Humanbeingsthenconfirmifthepicturesshowillegalbehaviorbeforenoticeissenttothevehicle'sregisteredowner.Aviolation(違反)carriesfineof$232.Somecameraswillbepermanentlysetuponroadsides.Otherswillbemoved,fromtimetotime,aroundthestate.

Twofixedcamerastookphotographsof8.5millionvehiclesaspartofasix-monthtestearlierthisyear.Thecamerastookphotosofmorethan100,000driverswiththeirhandsonphones.Onedriverwasusingaphoneandanotherelectronicdevice,anAppleiPad,atthesametime.Anotherdriverhadapassengerguidethevehiclewhiletheybothheldphones,thestategovernmentsaid.

WhatistherealpurposetosetupcamerasinNewSouthWale?A.Tokeeprecordsoftheaccidents.

B.Topromotethelatesttechnology.

C.Tofindillegalbehaviorofthedrivers.

D.Toforcedriverstofocusmoreondriving.

Whatcanweinferfromtheroadsafetyexperts?

A.Smart-phonesaremainkillersontheroad.

B.Allaccidentsresultfromdrivers'usingcell-phones.

C.Measuresarebadlyneededtobanusingphoneswhiledriving.

D.Carryingasmart-phonewhiledrivingwillcauseanaccident.

Howdoesthephonedetectionunitfunctioneffectively?

A.Itcorrectsthedrivers'wrongbehavior.

B.Ithastwocamerastorecordtheplates.

C.Itsendsanoticetothelegaldiverautonomously.

D.Itcombinesartificialintelligencewithhuman'sefforts.

Whatdidasix-monthtestshow?

A.Electronicdevicescouldhelpdiversindeed.

B.Marypassengerhelpedoperatethevehicles.

C.Manydriversusedelectronicdeviceswhiledriving.

D.Itwascommontobebusywithtwowirelessdevices.

4．閱讀理解

TheWallStreetJournalrecentlypublishedanexcellentarticlepennedbyWendyBoundsonahottopichereatMNN:theair-purifyingqualitiesofthecommonhouseplant.Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily(百合花)andasparagusfern(蘆筍蕨)isaneconomicalartisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.Soit'sbeenacknowledgedthatabunchofprettyputtedhouseplantscanhelpyoumaintainahealthierhome,butasmarterhome?

That'sthequestioninlightofarecentstudypublishedbytheJournalofEnvironmentalPsychologyshowingthatthepresenceofplantsinaroom,particularlyinanofficeenvironment,canshrinkattentionspan(范圍).Strugglingdirectiveattention(thekindofattentionthattakeseffort)canberefreshedthroughexposurehotonaturalisticenvironments.Basically,takingawalkthroughtheparkcanclearone'shead.Butcanaheadberefreshedsimplybybeingsurroundedbyhouseplants?

Totesttheirtheory,thestudy'sauthorsroundedupabunchofparticipants,putsomeoftheminamomwithnoplantsandputothersinaroomwithourplantsplacedaroundadesk,andputthemalltothesameseriesoftests.FirstwasaRearingSpanTeatwhichinvolvesreadingaseriesofsentencesaloudandrememberingtheLastwordineachsentence.Thistaskrequiresthatyoufluentlyswitchbetweenattentiondemandingtasks:fromrendingandmemorizingatonemomenttowritingandrecallingatthenext.NextcameaproofreadingtaskfallowedbyanotherReadingSpanTest.

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Theresults?ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.

Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Stayingindoorscanhelpavoidthepoorerairoutdoors.

B.HouseplantscanFunctionasbeautifulcheapairpurifiers.

C.Plantingpolledflowersasdecorationsisveryinteresting.

D.Airpurifiersarethemosteffectivetocreateahealthyhome.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph2probablyreferto?A.Focusone'sattention.

B.Disturbone'sattention.

C.weakenone'sattention.

D.Turnone'sattentionaway.

Whatdoesthetestprove?

A.Workinginnaturehelpsincreaseproductivity.

B.Houseplantswillbeingreatdemandinourlife.

C.Greenerycreateshealthiernaturalisticatmosphereindoors.

D.Workingamonghouseplantsimprovesmentalfunctioning.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Flowers:GrandFeasttoEyesB.Greenery:EffectiveAir-purifier

C.Houseplants:VisualBrainFoodD.PottedPlants:Great!House-beautifier

5．閱讀理解

Bambooisoneoftheworld'smostusefulplants.Forthousandsofyears,bamboohasbeenusedinmanydifferentways-fromfoodtomedicinetoclothingand,insmallways,asabuildingmaterial.

However,bambooisnotoftenusedasabuildingmaterialinthedevelopedworld.AprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburghinPennsylvaniaistryingtochangethat.Theprofessorandhisstudentsaretestingthestrengthofbamboo.Theyaretestinghowmuchpressureorweightitcantakebeforebreaking.

KentHarriesisaprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Harriessaysthattestingmethodsforbambooneedtobethesameforall.Theyneedtobestandardized.Standardizingtestmethodsforbamboowillhelptobringtheplantintocommonuse.Itwillalsogiveengineersandbuildersaroundtheworldadependablestandard.

Harriessaysthatbambooisstronginnature.Thestrengthofatleastthreespeciesofbambooissimilartosteel.Besidesitsstrength,bamboohasotherfeaturesthatmakeitveryusefulinbuilding.Hesaysitisresilient(有彈力的),meaningitkeepsitsshapeandstrengthevenunderpressure.

Bambooalsogrowsquickly.Bamboothatissuitableforconstructionneedsmuchlessresourcesthanwood.Theharvestcycleofbambooisabout3years.Softwoodssuchascedar,pineandsprucehaveaharvestcycleofabout10years.Andhardwoodsthatcomefromfloweringplantssuchasoakandwalnutneedmorethan30years.

Bambooiswidelyusedasfoodforpandabears.Itisalsousedforflooringandwindowcovers.However,forbuilding,bambooisnotusedmuchoutsideitsnativegrowingarea.Thisismostlybecauseofitsroundshape.Butthereareotherreasonstoo.Peoplethink--orhavethementality--thatbambooisalowqualitybuildingmaterial.

Whatistheauthormainlytalkingaboutinthepassage?

A.Makebambooacommonbuildingmaterial.

B.Takeadvantageofbambooinoureveryday.

C.Considerbambootobeacommonplant.

D.Usebambootoreplacebuildingmaterials.

WhatisthepurposeofwhatKentHarriesandhisstudentsdid?A.Toprovewhatisthemostusefulplant.

B.Tointroducebambootothedevelopedworld.

C.Togiveengineersandbuilderssomeadvice.

D.Tomakesureofthestrengthofbamboo.

WhatdoesHarriesthinkofbamboointhepassage?

A.Harriesseesbambooasagreatbuildingmaterial.

B.Harriesthinksbambooisasstrongassteel.

C.HarriesseesbambooasthemostidealPlant.

D.Harriesthinksbamboohasthereliableshape.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Bambooisanenvironmentallyfriendlybuildingmaterial.

B.Bamboomaterialwillgotothemarketinthesoonfuture.

C.Hardwoodsaremuchmorepopularthansoftwoods.

D.Bamboogrowsnotonlyfasterbuttakesuplessspace.

6．閱讀理解

Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday——ahugenumber.Butaddupallofthecomplexspeciesthateverlivedandsomebiologiststhinkthegrandtotalwouldbeaboutfivebillion.Theestimateleadstoanastonishingconclusion:astaggering99%ofspeciesarenotaroundanymore.Theyhavebeendriventoextinction.

Morespeciesarejoiningtheranksoftheextincteveryyear.Manyscientistsbelievewearelivingthroughanepisodeofremarkablyrapidextinction,onascalethathasbeenseenonlyfivetimesinthelasthalfabillionyears.

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Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.

Over-hunting,overfishing,andhuman-drivenhabitatlossarepushingmanyspeciestothebrink.Infact,wehavechangedtheplanetsomuchthatsomegeologistsarenowsuggestingthatwehaveenteredanewphaseinEarth'shistory;anepochtheycallthe＂Anthropocene＂.By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.

Becausewearelivingthroughthisextinction,itisrelativelyeasyforustostudythedrivingforcesbehindit.Buthowdowedeterminewhatcausedothermassdie-offsthathappenedlongago?Todosowehavetolookatwhatarchaeologists,palaeontologists,geologistsandotherscientistshaveconcludedfromtheevidencetheyhavegathered.

Thetroubleis,thosescientistsdonotalwaysagreewithoneanother——evenaboutthemostrecentextinctionevent.Aswellasthefive-orsix-massextinctions,therehavealsobeenmanysmallerextinctions.

OneoftheseminiextinctioneventshappenedtowardstheendofthePleistocene,afewtensofthousandsofyearsago.Itissometimescalledthe＂megafaunal＂extinctionbecausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).However,itscauseremainsadebateamongstscientists.

Whatcanwelearnaboutthesixthmassextinction？

A.Humansarethemaincauseofit.

B.Itmeansaglobaldeclineoveralongtime.

C.ItoccurredtowardstheendofthePleistocene.

D.Scientistsstilldisagreeaboutthecauseofit.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutspecies？

A.99%ofspecieswillnotbearoundanymoreby2100.

B.Bythe22ndcentury,therewillprobablybeaboutfivemilliononthisplanet.

C.Abouteightyearslaterwewillenterwhatiscalledthe＂Anthropocene＂.

D.Itisnoteasyforustofigureoutcausesbehindthe＂Anthropocene＂.

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?

A.Landanimals.

B.Marinelife.

C.Hugeanimals.

D.Flesh-eatingcreatures.

7．閱讀理解

HomeLaundryAutomaticDryerProduct

FullTwoYearWarranty

LimitedFiveYearWarrantyonCabinet

WarrantyProvidesfor：

FIRSTTWOYEARSAmanawillrepairorreplaceanyfaultypartfreeofcharge.

THIRDTHRUFIFTHYEARSAmanawillprovideafreereplacementpartforanycabinetwhichprovesfaultyduetorust.

WarrantyLimitations：

Warrantybeginsatdateoforiginalpurchase.

AppliesonlytoproductusedwithintheUnitedStatesorinCanadaifproductisapprovedbyCanadianStandardsAssociationwhenshippedfromfactory.

Productsusedonacommercialorrentalbasisnotcoveredbythiswarranty.

ServicemustbeperformedbyanAmanaservicer.

Adjustmentscoveredduringfirstyearonly.

WarrantyDoesNotCoverItIf：

Producthasdamageduetoproductchange，connectiontoanimproperelectricalsupply>shippingandhandling,accident,fire,floods,lightningorotherconditionsbeyondthecontrolofAmana.

Productisimproperlyinstalledorapplied.

Owner'sResponsibilities：

Providesalesreceipt.

Normalcareandrepair.

Havingtheproductreasonablyaccessibleforservice.

Payforservicecallsrelatedtoproductinstallationorusageinstructions.

Payforextraservicecosts,overnormalservicecharges,ifservicerisrequestedtoperformserviceoutsideservicer^normalbusinesshours.

InnoeventshallAmanaberesponsibleforconsequentialdamages.

Thiswarrantygivesyouspecificlegalrights,andyoumayhaveotherswhichvaryfromstatetostateForexample,somestatesdonotallowtheexclusionorlimitationofconsequentialdamages,sothisexclusionmaynotapplytoyou.

AccordingtoWarrantyLimitations,aproductcanbeunderwarrantyif_______.

A.usedintheU.S.A

B.rentedforhomeuse

C.repairedbytheuserhimself

D.shippedfromaCanadianfactory

AccordingtoOwner'sResponsibilities,anownerhastopayfor______.

A.theproductinstallation

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B.aservicer'sovertimework

C.thelossofthesalesreceipt

D.amechanic'stransportation

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothewarranty?

A.ConsequentialdamagesareexcludedacrossAmerica.

B.Aproductdamagedinanaturaldisasteriscoveredbythewarranty.

C.Afaultycabinetduetorustcanbereplacedfreeinthesecondyear.

D.Freerepairisavailableforaproductusedimproperlyinthefirstyear.

8．閱讀理解

WhatdoweknowabouttheAnglovilleprograms?

A.Mealsarepartlysponsoredbytheprograms.

B.Confirmationfeewillbefullyrefundedlater.

C.1on1talksarearrangedforjuniorparticipants.

D.D.Material-stimulatedtalksmakeAnglovilledifferent.

WhatisthedeterminingfactortobeagoodparticipantinAngloville?A.Academicachievements.

B.Communicationskills.

C.Culturalsensitivity.

D.Open-mindedness.

9．閱讀理解

Whydoyougotothelibrary?Forbooks,yes--butyoulikebooksbecausetheytellstories.Youhopetogetlostinastoryorbetransportedintosomeoneelse'slife.Atonetypeoflibrary,youcandojustthat--eventhoughthere'snotasinglebook。

AtaHumanLibrary,insteadofbooks,youcan“borrow”people.Individualsvolunteerashuman“books”andparticipantsintheeventcan“read”thebook--meaningtheywouldhaveaone-on-oneconversationwiththevolunteerandshareinadialogueaboutthatindividual'sexperience.“Books”arevolunteersfromallwalksoflifewhohaveexperienceddiscrimination(歧視)basedonrace,religion,class,genderidentity,age,lifestylechoices,disabilityandotheraspectsoftheirlife

Foracertainamountoftime,youcanaskthemquestionsandlistentotheirstories,whichareasfascinatingandasattractiveasanyyoucanfindinabook.Manyofthestorieshavetodowithsomekindofstereotype.Youcanspeakwitharefugee(難民),asoldiersufferingfromPTSD,ahomelesspersonorawomanlivingwithHIV.TheHumanLibraryencouragespeopletochallengetheirownlong-heldbeliefs-totrulygettoknow,andlearnfromsomeonetheymightotherwisemakeaquickjudgmentabout.

Accordingtoitswebsite,theHumanLibraryis“aplacewheredifficultquestionsareexpected,appreciatedandanswered.”Itprovidestheopportunityforthecommunitytoshareandunderstandtheexperiencesofothersintheircommunity.

TheHumanLibraryOrganizationcametobeinCopenhagen,Denmarkin2000.RonniAbergel,hisbrotherDany,andsomecolleagueshostedafour-dayeventduringamajorNorthernEuropeanfestival,hopingtoraiseawarenessaboutviolenceamongyouth.Afterthesuccessofthisevent,AbergelfoundedtheHumanLibraryOrganization,whichhasbeengrowingeversince.

Thoughthereareafewpermanenthumanlibraries,mostaren'tplacesatall,butevents.Thoughmanydotakeplaceatphysicallibraries,youdon'tneedalibrarycard—anyonecancomeandbepartoftheexperience.Therehavebeenhumanlibraryeventsallovertheglobe,inuniversitiesandinpubs,fromChicagotoTunistoEdinburghtoSanAntonio.

Thestoriesthese"books"tellrangefromfascinatingtoheartbreakingandeverythinginbetween.Andthat'stheverypointoftheorganization--toprovethatnopersoncanbesummedupinjustoneword.Itseekstoshowpeoplethatyoutrulycan'tjudgeabookbyitscover---orbyitstitleorlabel.

The“books”inhumanlibrariesare____________.

A.long-heldbeliefsattractingindividuals

B.inspiringstonesmotivatingpeopleintrouble

C.eventsinwhichpeoplecantalktovolunteers

D.unfairly-treatedpeoplesharingtheirexperiences

TheeventinCopenhagenissignificantbecauseit_______.

A.aimedtohelptheyoungsufferingfromviolence

B.attemptedtoreplacetraditionalphysicallibraries

C.laidafoundationfortheHumanLibraryOrganization

D.ledtoapleasingdevelopmentforthecommunitywithracism

Inhumanlibraries,thereadersarelikelyto_________.

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A.deepentheirunderstandingofpeople

B.enrichtheirownpersonalexperiences

C.hearthestoriesfromallovertheworld

D.makequickjudgmentsaboutthe“books”

Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_________.

A.compareandevaluate

B.informandexplain

C.discussandpersuade

D.analyzeandsuggest

10．閱讀理解

Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.

Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition(轉型).

Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.

Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)andtelecomscompanies(inemergingones)aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.

Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.

Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Andadigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentswatchoverpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatemultinationalsexploittheirpersonaldata.

Somerichcountriesaretryingto.

A.dematerializemoney

B.getridoftheside-effectsofcash

C.maketheeconomymoreefficientbyprotectingendangeredspecies

D.promotepaymentwithoutpapermoneyorcoins

Inparagraph3,severalcountriesarementionedtoshow_______.A.thedifferencesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountries

B.thatcashisstillkingacrosstheworld

C.digitalpaymentsarebecomingatrendthatcannotbestopped

D.Chinaisdevelopingfasterthatthosedevelopedcountriesindigitalpayment

Cashisdisappearinglargelybecause.

A.youngerconsumersareshortofmoneytolivetheirdigitallives

B.suppliersaretryingtoreducecostsandobtainmoneyanddata

C.theinfrastructureisdevelopingatahighspeedindevelopedmarkets

D.financialfirmswanttoabandonold-fashionedcustomers

Theauthor'sattitudetowardsdigitalizedpaymentis_______.A.favorable

B.negative

C.objective

D.indifferent

閱讀理解答案

1.ACDD

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了飲食和環境的問題，并且提出了相應的解決方法。

考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.”可知，“昂貴”不是edibleplates的優勢。故選A。

考查細節理解。根據第三段中的“Theyalsohavearangeofcutlerymadefromcornandpotatostarch．”可知，玉米和馬鈴薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故選C。

考查代詞指代。根據第三段中的“Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.”塑料垃圾對環境造成了很大的破壞，同時也給政府帶來了數百萬的垃圾管理。塑料袋經常會出現在垃圾填埋場或街道上。而燃燒的塑料垃圾會導致有氣體污染空氣。作為對此的回應，世界各國政府正在出臺嚴格的回收法規。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾對環境造成的破壞。”故選D。

考查主旨大意。根據第一段中的“Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."可知，本文講述的是飲食和環境問題的解決方案。故選D。

本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節信息，同時根據上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案

2.CABA

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了大概一萬年以前就在北美成為人類伙伴的狗的種類。

考查細節理解。根據第二段中的“AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10,190年。故選C。

考查詞義猜測。根據第二段中的“Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.”研究小組得出的結論是，這三種狗都是被馴化的，因為它們的骨骼是完整的，沒有皮膚的，所以沒有被宰殺作為食物。他們也被仔細地埋葬了，證據表明他們是被主人重視的。關鍵詞buried，可知劃線詞的意思是“殺死”，故選A。

考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.”可知，對到達美洲的馴服的狗態度是不確定。故選B。

考查主旨大意。根據第一段中的“DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.”可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故選A。

本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

3.DCDC

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了澳大利亞新南威爾士州正在設置攝像頭，以減少開車時全神貫注于無線設備的人數。用這項技術懲罰那些因電話、社交媒體或短信分心的司機，將是世界上第一個。

考查推理判斷。根據第一段“NewSouthWales,Australia,issettingupcamerasaspartofanefforttoreducethenumberofpeoplepreoccupiedwithwirelessdeviceswhiletheydrive.Itwillbethefirstareaintheworldtousethetechnologytopunishdriversdistractedwithtelephonecalls,socialmediaortextmessages.”澳大利亞新南威爾士州正在設置攝像頭，以減少開車時全神貫注于無線設備的人數。用這項技術懲罰那些因電話、社交媒體或短信分心的司機，將是世界上第一個。所以判斷出，新南威爾士設置攝像頭的真正目的是迫使司機更專注于駕駛。故選D。

考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“RoadSafetyexpertsareconcernedaboutthegrowingnumberofaccidentsinvolvingdriversusingsmartphonesonthestate'sroads.Theysaydriverswhousephoneswhiledrivinggreatlyincreasetheirchancesofbeinginvolvedinanaccident.”可知道路安全專家對越來越多的司機在州內道路上使用智能手機的事故表示關注。他們說，司機在開車時使用手機，大大增加了發生事故的可能性。所以判斷出，道路安全專家認為急需采取措施禁止開車時使用手機。故選C。

考查細節理解。根據第四段中的“Theunitsuseartificialintelligencetosetasidedriverswhoarenottouchingtheirphones.Humanbeingsthenconfirmifthepicturesshowillegalbehaviorbeforenoticeissenttothevehicle'sregisteredowner.”可知這些裝置使用人工智能技術，將不接觸手機的司機隔離開來。然后，在通知車主之前，由人類確認照片上是否有違法行為。因此，手機檢測裝置是把人工智能和人類的努力結合起來。故選D。

考查細節理解。根據最后一段中的“Twofixedcamerastookphotographsof8.5millionvehiclesaspartofasix﹣monthtestearlierthisyear.Thecamerastookphotosofmorethan100，000driverswiththeirhandsonphones.”可知今年早些時候，作為為期6個月的測試的一部分，兩個固定攝像頭拍攝了850萬輛汽車的照片。這些攝像頭拍攝了10萬多名駕駛員的手拿著手機的照片。所以，六個月的測試顯示了許多司機在開車時使用電子設備。故選C。

本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

4.BADC

本文是一篇說明文，通過實驗說明室內植物可以很好地提高人們的注意力。

考查細節理解。根據第一段中的“Giventhattheairinsideyourhomecanbe2to5timesmorepollutedthantheairoutsideofit,makingitcleanwithplantslikepeacelily(百合花)andasparagusfem(蘆筍蕨)isaeconomical,artisticallypleasingalternativetoairpurifiers.”可知，鑒于室內空氣污染比室外空氣污染嚴重2到5倍，用百合花、蘆筍蕨這些植物來取代空氣凈化器凈化室內空氣即經濟實惠又美觀。故選B。

考查詞義猜測。根據第二段中的“Strugglingdirectiveattention(thekindofattentionthattakeseffortcanberefreshedthroughexposuretonaturalisticenvironments.”可知，掙扎的注意力(需要努力的注意力)可以通過置身于自然環境中來恢復。據此可推知，縮小注意力范圍即指注意力得到恢復，變得更專注。故選A。

考查細節理解。根據第四段中的“ParticipantsworkingintheroomwiththeplantsimprovedtheirperformancefromthefirstReadingSpanTesttothesecondwhilethoseworkingintheroomlackingingreenerydidnot.Consequently,thebenefitsofworkingamongplantsisindeedevident.”可知，在有植物的房間里工作的參與者從第一次閱讀廣度測試到第二次閱讀廣度測試的成績都有所提高，而在沒有綠色植物的房間里工作的參與者則沒有。因此，在植物間工作的好處是顯而易見的。由此可知，這個測試的證實了在室內植物間工作可以改善精神功能。故選D。

考查主旨大意。根據全文內容可知本文介紹室內植物可以很好地提高人們的注意力，對大腦的工作效果起到積極作用。故選C。

本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

5.ADAA

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。幾千年來，竹子被廣泛地應用于各個方面，然而，在發達國家，竹子并沒有經常地被應用于建筑領域。KentHarries教授試圖改變這一點。他和他的學生們測試了竹子的受壓力量。KentHarries教授認為是一種很好的建筑材料。(1)考查主旨大意。本文講述了KentHarries和他的學生所做的實驗，實驗的目的是測試竹子能否當作建筑材料來使用。故選A。

(2)考查細節理解。根據第二段中的“Theprofessorandhisstudentsaretestingthestrengthofbamboo．”可知，教授和他的學生做實驗的目的是測試竹子的承受力，故選D。

(3)考查細節理解。根據第四段可知，KentHarries認為竹子結實、有彈力、能承受壓力，是有用的建筑材料，由此可知他的觀點是竹子是種很好的建筑材料。故選A。

(4)考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段可知，竹子長得很快，其生長為三年，而針葉木材則需10年，闊葉樹時間更長，由此可知，竹子是種很環保的建筑材料。故選A。

本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

6.ABC

本文是一篇說明文，許多科學家認為，我們正經歷著地球史上第六次大規模物種滅絕，主要原因是人類的過度捕獵、過度捕撈和人類棲息地的喪失。但是，各個科學家對過去物種滅絕原因有著不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小規模物種滅絕——大型動物滅絕，有關的滅絕原因，科學家仍在爭論。(1)考查細節理解。第三段提到大規模物種滅絕是在arelativelyshortperiodoftime，所以B錯誤；最后一段提到大型動物的滅絕發生在theendofthePleistocene，而第六次大規模物種滅絕是當下正在發生的，所以C錯誤；根據第三段中的＂Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.＂可知，科學家認為人類是第六次大規模物種滅絕的主要原因，沒有不同意見，因此D錯誤，因此選A。

(2)考查推理判斷。根據第一段中的“Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday”，以及第四段中的＂By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.＂可知，到22世紀，地球還會有目前物種的1/2會滅絕，也就是10million的半，即fivemillion，因此選B。

(3)考查詞義猜測。根據最后一段中的＂becausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).＂可推知＂megafaunal＂應為大型動物，因此選C。

本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。

7.答案]ABC

本文這是一張保修單，屬于說明文，對家用自動干洗機的保修時限、保修服務范圍、購買者所負的責任、不屬于保修服務內容以及對結果性損失不負任何責任諸方面進行了詳盡說明。

(1)考查細節理解。根據“WarrantyLimitations：AppliesonlytoproductusedwithintheUnitedStates”可知，根據保修限制，如果在美國使用，產品可以在保修期內。故選A。

(2)考查細節理解。根據“Owner'sResponsibilities：Payforextraservicecosts,overnormalservicecharges”可知，根據業主的責任，業主必須為服務人員的加班工作支付費用。故選B。

(3)考查細節理解。根據“FIRSTTWOYEARSAmanawillrepairorreplaceanyfaultypartfreeofcharge.”可知，一個有缺陷的櫥柜在第二年就可以被替換掉。故選C。

本題考點涉及細節理解題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，要求考生準確掌握細節信息，結合題目要求，選出正確答案。

8.DD

這是一篇應用文，介紹了有關Angloville項目的相關信息以及申請的條件。

(1)考查細節理解。根據MYCOMMITMENTS部分中的“ThemostimportantdifferencebetweenAnglovilleandatraditionalEnglishcourseisthatwedonotteachthroughbooksortheory.Wewillprovidematerials,butonlytohelpstimulate(刺激)diverseconversations”可知，Angloville和傳統英語課程不同的地方是我們不通過課本和理論進行教學，我們提供材料，唯一目的是刺激不同的交談。結合選項可知，故選D。

(2)考查細節理解。根據最后一段中的“Open-mindednessiskeytobeingagoodparticipantinAngloville”可知，成為一個好的參與者的關鍵因素是思想開放，故選D。

本題考點涉及細節理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生準確捕捉細節信息，結合題目要求，選出正確答案。

9.DCAB

這是一篇介紹說明類文章。文章介紹了有關“theHumanLibrary”的相關信息。在theHumanLibrary，讀者可以和來自各行各業志愿者們交談，了解他們的經歷和故事，加深對他人的了解。

細節理解題。由第二段中的“AtaHumanLibrary,insteadofbooks,youcan“borrow”people.Individualsvolunteerashuman“books”andparticipantsintheeventcan“read”thebook--meaningtheywouldhaveaone-on-oneconversationwiththevolunteerandshareinadialogueaboutthatindividual'sexperience.“Books”arevolunteersfromallwalksoflifewhohaveexperienceddiscrimination(歧視)basedonrace,religion,class,genderidentity,age,lifestylechoices,disabilityandotheraspectsoftheirlife”可知，HumanLibrary的“書”實際上人，這些人來自各行各業，他們經歷了種族，宗教，性別等方面的歧視。讀者們可以和這些人交談，了解他們的經歷。故答案選D。

推理判斷題。由倒數第二段中的“TheHumanLibraryOrganizationcametobeinCopenhagen,Denmarkin2000.RonniAbergel,hisbrotherDany,andsomecolleagueshostedafour-dayduringamajorNorthernEuropeanfestival,hopingtoraiseawarenessaboutviolenceamongyouth.Afterthesuccessofthisevent,AbergelfoundedtheHumanLibraryOrganization,whichhasbeengrowingeversince”可知，RonniAbergel，他的兄弟Dany以及一些同事舉行了為期四天的活動，希望提高人們對青年人暴力的意識。在這次活動成功之后，Abergel建立了theHumanLibraryOrganization，該組織一直在發展中。由此可知，在Copenhagen舉行的活動的成功導致了theHumanLibraryOrganization的成立，結合選項可推知，該活動奠定了該組織的基礎，故答案選C。

細節理解題。由第四段中的“Itprovidestheopportunityforthecommunitytoshareandunderstandtheexperiencesofothersintheircommunity”可知，theHumanLibrary給社會給提供了分享和了解別人經歷的機會。由此可知，通過theHumanLibrary，人們可以加深對他人的了解。故答案選A。

寫作意圖題。文章介紹了theHumanLibrary(真人圖書館)的情況。在theHumanLibrary，讀者可以和來自各行各業志愿者們交談，了解他們的經歷和故事。文章還介紹了theHumanLibrary的成立的情況。很明顯，作者希望通過這篇文章讓讀者了解theHumanLibrary，結合選項，告知解釋。故答案選B。

推理題的解題方法：抓住特定信息進行逆向或正向推理。要善于抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息，即某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。整合全文信息進行推斷。有時需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎上，整合與題目相關的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結論。利用語境的褒貶性進行信息推斷。每篇文章的語境都有一定褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性就能在把握主旨文意的基礎上對文章進行準確的邏輯判斷。根據文章的結論推斷作者的態度。作者態度、傾向是指作者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是猶豫不定，對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。根據上下文的邏輯得出結論。邏輯結論是指嚴格根據文章中所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據材料進行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結論，而不是根據自己的經驗、態度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內涵。結合已有的知識進行推斷。知識推斷是根據文章中所闡述的細節，運用自己掌握的基礎知識進行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結論的一種推斷方法。

10.DCBC

本文是一篇說明文，富裕國家正在減少現金支付,現金正在因為需求等原因消失。總的來說,無現金經濟的未來是個好消息,但是對于電子支付人們也有一些擔憂。

考查細節理解。根據第一段中的“Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.”可知,富裕國家正競相將支付非物質化；再根據第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現金交易數量下降了80％。結合上下文,可知某些富裕國家比如瑞典正在減少現金支付,推廣不用紙幣或硬幣的支付方式,也就是電子支付方式。故選D。

考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”可知在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現金交易數量下降了80％；再根據“InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.”可知在中國,數字支付從2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。瑞典和中國的共同點是現金支付減少,電子支付比例上升,由此可推斷作者提到瑞典和中國是為了說明數字支付正成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢。故選C。

考查推理判斷。根據第四段中的“Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)...Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.”可知現金消失的一個重要原因就是諸如銀行和科技公司和電信公司之類的供應商正在開發快速,易于使用的支付技術,他們可以從中提取數據和小費。運行現金經濟背后的基礎架構需要付出高昂的成本,這些基礎設施包括自動取款機,載有紙幣的貨車,接受硬幣的出納員。大多數金融公司都渴望放棄它,或者以高昂的費用勸阻老式客戶。也就是供應商為了減少成本,獲取數據和小費,開發了更便捷的支付方式,導致現金支付的減少。故選B。

考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，,作者提到無現金支付即電子支付的好處,也提到電子支付引起的擔憂,對待電子支付是客觀的,故選C。

本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節信息，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

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